Author Fee

This journal does not charge any fees to authors for manuscript submission, peer review, editorial processing, or publication.

• Submission Fee: USD 0
• Article Processing Charge (APC): USD 0
• Publication Fee: USD 0
• Access Fee: USD 0

All published articles are freely accessible to readers without any charge. The journal is committed to supporting the dissemination of scientific knowledge through open-access publishing without imposing fees on either authors or readers.